Abbreviations
Arabic Numerals Arabic
numerals (XIV) must change in Roman numerals (14). An Arabic numeral that is
part of any title should remain Arabic. ORDER OF REFERENCES IN THE REFERENCE LIST Alphabetizing Names - Alphabetize by surname, letter by letter.
Maria, K. Mason, L. Schneider, M. Schneider, W. van den Broek, P. van Loon, M. H. Von Munchhausen, M.
- Alphabetize the prefixes M’, Mc, and Mac as is. Disregard the apostrophe.
MacAuley MacAuliffe MacCabe M’Carthy McCrudden McNamara - Alphabetize names with numerals chronologically.
Johnson, B. III Johnson, B. IV Ludwig, J. VI Ludwig, M. II Order
of several works by the same first author and different first authors with the
same username - List of same authors must be arranged by year of publication (earlier to latest)
Butler, J. (1990) Butler, J. (2004) - One author precedes multiple-author entries beginning with the same surname (even if the multiple-author was published earlier)
Smagorinsky, P. (2010) Smagorinsky, P., Cook, L. S., Moore, C., Jackson, A. Y., & Fry, P. G. (2004)
- References with same first author and different following author/s must be arranged by last name, letter by letter.
Garfield, J., & Ahlgren, A. (1988) Garfield, J., & Ben-Zvi, D. (2007) Kendeou, P., Braasch, J. L. G., & Braten, I. (2016) Kendeou, P., Muis, K. R., & Fulton, S. (2011) Kendeou, P., & O’Brien, E. J. (2014)
- Arrange list of authors with same surname followed by the initial letter of the first name also arranged alphabetically.
Green, L. [Laura]. (2009) Green, L. [Leonard]. (2013) Wang, M. (2013) Wang, X. (2013) Order
of works with group authors or with no authors - If the name of the author is not indicated, use institutions, associations or government agencies. Official names must be spelled-out. A parent body must precede a subdivision (e.g. Centro Escolar University, School of Pharmacy).
- Anonymous can only be used if, and only if, the work is signed as anonymous. Alphabetize the entry as if ‘Anonymous’ is a real name. REFERENCE COMPONENTS 
[Abstract] [Audio podcast] [Brochure] [CD] or [DVD] [Computer software] [Data file] [Lecture notes] [Letter to the editor] [Monograph] [Motion picture] [Television series episode] [Special issue] [Special section] [Supplemental material] [Video file]
FORMAT & EXAMPLES BY TYPE OF REFERENCE Periodicals Periodicals include items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines, newspapers and newsletters. Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Vol. No. (Issue No.), page/s. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Vol. No. (Issue No.), page/s. Retrieved from http//: XXXXXXXXX XXXX Examples: Journal Article: Oh, S., Mccanna, D. J., Subbaraman, L. N., & Jones, L. W. (2018). Cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of contact lens solutions on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 41(3), 282–289. Online Journal Article: Cross, E. J., Overall, N. C., Low, R. S. T., & McNaulty, J. K. (2019). An interdependence account of sexism and power: men's hostile sexism, biased perceptions of low power, and relationship aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(2), 338-363. Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/sample Journal Article with doi: Oh, S., Mccanna, D. J., Subbaraman, L. N., & Jones, L. W. (2018). Cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of contact lens solutions on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 41(3), 282–289. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.12.006 Journal Article with doi, two to six authors: Seguí-Crespo, M., Picó, J. P., Fortes, P. R., Reig, A. A., Blanes-Mompó, F. J., & Pérez-Cambrodí, R. J. (2018). Usefulness of bandage contact lenses in the immediate postoperative period after uneventful myopic LASIK. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 41(2), 187–192. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.11.006 Journal Article with doi, more than seven authors: Thite, N., Shinde, L., Sawant, P., Shinde, A., Ghai, M., Kharat, M., … Patel, G. K. (2018). Proactive contact lens prescribing – Which approach is more effective? Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 41(4), 389–392. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2018.01.001 Magazine Article Barrientos, M. C. (2019, March). What's in the Cloud. Gadgets Magazine. 19(7). 30-31. Online Magazine Article Chan, E. (2019, September 18). Everything you need to know about the September global strikes. Vogue. Retrieved Newspaper Article Jaymalin, M. (2019, September 20). After 19 years, polio re-emerges in Phl - DOH. The Philippine Star. pp. 1-2. Online Newspaper Article Dominguez, M. (2019, September 20). Marijuana plantation uncovered in San Juan. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved Abstract Farhat, N. M., Farris, K. B., Patel, M. R., Cornish, L. Choe, H. M. (2019). Comprehensive medication reviews: Optimal delivery setting and recommendations for quality assessment [Abstract]. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 59(5), 642-645. Abstract retrieved from https://www.japha.org/article/S1544-3191(19)30246-8/fulltext Books This category includes books, reference books such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, almanacs, and discipline-specific reference books. It also includes electronically published books, reference works and public domain books available online, and out-of-print books that may be available only in online repositories. Format: For entire book: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Place of publication: Name of Publisher. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxxxx Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. doi:xx.xxxxxx Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher. Title of work. (Year). Place of publication: Name of Publisher. For chapter of a book / reference book: Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor. (Eds.), Title of book (pp.). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher. Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor. (Eds.), Title of book (pp.). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxxxx Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor. (Eds.), Title of book (pp.). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher. doi:xx.xxxxxxx. Title of chapter or entry. (Year). In A. Editor (Ed.) Title of book (xx ed., Vol. xx, pp.). Place of Publication: Name of Publisher. Title of entry. (Year). In Title of book (xx ed., Vol. xx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxxxx. Examples: Entire book, print version Schwartz, B. M., Landrum, R. E., & Gurung, R. A. (2017). An easy guide to APA style. Los Angeles: SAGE. Book chapter, print version Barie, P. S. (2017). Surgical infections and antibiotic use. In C. M. Townsend, R. D. Beauchamp, B. M. Evers, & K. L. Mattox (Eds.), Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 12th ed. (241-280). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Electronic version of print book Townsend, C. M., Beauchamp, R. D., Evers, B. M., & Mattox, K. L. (2017). Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 12th ed. Several volumes in a multivolume work Hume, D. (1983). Electronic version of book chapter in a volume in a series Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses Format: For an unpublished thesis or dissertation: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of master's thesis or doctoral dissertation (Unpublished doctoral dissertations or master's thesis). Name of Institution, Location. For a doctoral dissertation or master's thesis available from a database service: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of master's thesis or doctoral dissertation (Doctoral dissertations or Master's thesis). Retrieved from Name of Database. (Accession or order no.) Examples: Unpublished thesis/dissertation Zhang, X. (2018). Vocational education policies in China and the Philippines: Input for the future enhancement programs (Doctoral dissertation). Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines. Yu, V. R. (2019). Effect of heat using direct flaming method on the dimensional stability of the slot of debonded brackets (Master's Thesis). Centro Escolar University, Manila Philippines Thesis/dissertation from a commercial database Hunt, A. (2019). Effective human resource leadership in K-12 public education: An expert perspective [Doctoral dissertation]. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 13862191). Thesis/dissertation from an institutional database Mallini, K. C. (2019). Leadership development in physical therapy: Moving toward a community of transformative practitioners [Doctoral dissertation]. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edl_etds/25/ Reviews Format: Reviewer, A. A. (Year). Title of review [Review of the book Title of book, by A. A. Author]. Title of complete work, vol., pp. Examples: Review of a book Lagman, M. S. (2017). [Review of the book Sport and the American occupation of the
Philippines: Bats, balls, and bayonets by G. R. Gems]. Philippines Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints. 65(2), 257-261. Review of a video Peer commentary on an article Audiovisual Media Format: Content Owner, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of Content [Description of form]. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx For motion picture: Producer, A. A. (Producer), & Director, B. B. (Director). (Year). Title of motion picture [Motion Picture]. Country of origin: Studio. For music recording: Writer, A. (Copyright year). Title of song [Recorded by B. B. Artist if different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, record, etc.]. Location: Label. (Date of recording if different from song copyright date. Examples: Video Mayo
Clinic (2012, March 1). New route to the
heart. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuHHjIRswDE Motion picture Suzuki, T. (Producer), & Miyazaki H. (Director).
(2001). Spirited away [Animated motion
picture]. Japan: Studio Ghibli. Internet Message Boards, Electronic Mailing Lists, and Other Online Communities Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Description of form]. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx Examples: Post from online forum or online group discussion Nagoski, A. (2018, November 1). Re: Sister outsider,
eloquent rage and good and mad [Online discussion comment]. Retrieved from: https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/19590513-nov-dec-books-2018---3-books-sister-outsider-eloquent-rage-and-good-a Blog post Ramirez, K. (2019, October 15). Understanding the power of giving [Web log message]. Retrieved from Video blog post Byrne, R. (2018, April 7). How to import blogger post into new google sites. [Video file]. Retrieved form Technical & Research Report Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work (Report No. xxx). Location: Publisher. Example: Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (2011). Back to ABCs: Education for development:
PIDS annual report 2011. Makati City: Author. Meetings and Symposia Format: Symposium: Contributor, A. A., Contributor, B. B., Contributor, C. C., & Contributor, D. D. (Year, Month). Title of contribution. In E. E. Chairperson (Chair), Title of symposium. Symposium conducted as the meeting of Organization Name, Location. Paper presentation or poster session: Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month). Title of the paper or poster. Paper or poster session presented at the meeting of Organization Name, Location. Examples: Symposium Muellbauer, J. (2007, September). Housing, credit, and consumer expenditure. In S. C. Ludvigson (Chair), Housing and consumer behavior. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansan City, Jackson Hole, WY. Paper presentation or poster session |
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